

More specifically, you pay tax first to the country where the income was generated, and are usually tax liable to the country you are resident in.
Typically taxation treaties prevent double taxation, but the net result is you will usually get hit with the equivalent of the highest tax across jurisdictions.
There are rules for when sentencing occurs concurrently or consecutively. Additionally the prosecution should want the most charges possible, in the event that an appeal overturns (or orders a new trial on) only a few of the indicted charges.